Python Software Foundation is a non-profit organization dedicated to the promotion, protection, and advancement of the Python programming language. It supports the growth of a diverse international community of Python programmers through events, education, and advocacy. The foundation provides resources and infrastructure for the Python community, manages the language's development, and hosts Python-related conferences and events such as PyCon. It plays a crucial role in fostering the open-source Python software ecosystem by supporting libraries, documentation, and other tools for users and developers.